Phenotype

Observable expression of the genes inherited; the physical manifestation of the individual’s genotype.

Genotype

An individual’s unique DNA sequence or genetic code.

Methylation

Occurs when the methyl (CH3) group is added to DNA; this modifies the gene’s function by how the gene is expressed. With increased methylation, a gene can be turned off or silenced.

Beta-catenin

A protein that primarily holds cells together and serves as a messenger controlling gene activity through the Wnt pathway by telling genes when to turn on for cell growth, division, and differentiation.